The low-rainfall wheat production zone of Eastern Washington is plagued by wind erosion due to its fine-textured soils, low soil organic matter content, and tillage-based summer fallow practices. Increasing residue cover of the soil surface has been shown to reduce wind speeds and reduce the risk of soil erosion. Annual spring cropping has been evaluated many times to replace the summer fallow period, without economic success due to non-competitive yields. We conducted a 4-year study at Ralston, WA to evaluate winter triticale biomass production, yield, and nutrient use efficiency, seed zone soil moisture during no-till fallow, and establishment of fall-seeded canola. Winter triticale produced more grain per pound of nitrogen fertilizer and per inch of soil water available than winter wheat, and overall yield was 30 to 80% greater than that of winter wheat. Full-height cereals produced 20 to 90% more biomass than their semi-dwarf counterparts. Stripper header triticale stubble maintained with no-till chemical fallow reduced average wind speed at the soil surface to less than one half of average wind speed recorded over reduced-tillage winter wheat fallow. Soil moisture in the 0 to 3-inch seed zone was greater and more uniform in stripper header no-till fallow than in reduced-tillage fallow. This maintenance of soil moisture was conducive to timely planting and establishment of fall-seeded canola, and led to greater crop establishment in no-till fallow.